Abstract: The analysis of the spectrum-effect relationship of Vladimiriae Radix (VR) between the HPLC fingerprints and anti-inflammatory activities inorder to clarify the effective substances has been carried out. 12 samples of VR fingerprints were obtained by HPLC-DAD. The anti-inflammatory activity of VR was based on mouse auricle swelling test. The spectrum-effect relationship analysis were carried out by the partial lest-square regression method (PLS), using the data of 17 common peaks and efficacy data. By comparing with the reference substance and HPLC-MS/MS method, the great positive contribution peaks were identified. 17 common peaks were identified from the fingerprints of the samples and the aqueous extract of VR can inhibit the mouse auricle swelling caused by xylene. According to the PLS results, 10 peaks were P8 >P4 >P3 >P10 >P14 >P15 >P7 >P5 >P9 >P16 in the positive correlation with the anti-inflammatory activity, among them P3, P4, P8, P10 were identified as syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and cynarin, respectively. Syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and cynarin are parts of the effective substances of VR with anti-inflammatory activity. The method, can provide certain reference for the exploration of anti-inflammatory activity of efficacy base and the establishment of "efficacy related" quality standard for VR.