Abstract: Through the organic combination of a X-ray diffractometer and a polarizing microscope, a variety of asbestos can be characterized quickly, simply and accurately, which avoids the misjudgment of the test results caused by some impurity components. Then, the improved sample and standard material processing method is used to combine the K-value method with the internal standard method to quantify the asbestos accurately. The RSD of the reference strength of different asbestos were 0.17%~0.81%, which not only met the requirements of the test method, saved the testing cost, but also ensured the effectiveness of the testing results. It has a strong promotion role for the testing of asbestos.