Investigation and Analysis of Disastrous Soluble Salts in Sanmenxia Guo Ji Tomb Sites

The characteristics of the main disastrous soluble salts and their contents in the site of Guo Ji Tomb of Sanmenxia had been analyzed by taking samples from Guo Ji Tomb, Liang Ji Tomb and Jin Dai Tomb where salt damages as salt efflorescence, flaking and piece falling existed. The regular patterns of salt formation were discussed using the testing methods of X-ray fluorescence(XRF)and ion chromatograph(IC). The species, existing types and concentrations of salts in the GUO Ji Tomb and other locations were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscophe main salts and small amounts y(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM/EDS)techniques. The results indicated that Na₂SO₄ and CaCO₃ are the main salts and small amounts of CaCl₂、KNO₃ and NaCl were also found. The concentrations of salts in the soil near the ground were higher than those of other locations and these salts caused heavy salt damages. The concentrations of salts in Liang Ji Tomb were higher than those of Guo Ji Tomb and Jin Dai Tomb with higher content of nitrates. It was found that contents of soluble salts were different at different locations, but in the neighboring region there existed certain regularity, which provides some useful information for the research and control of salt damages.